Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C). Grease an 8x8-inch metal or glass baking pan and line it with parchment paper, leaving an overhang on two sides for easy removal. Lightly grease the parchment as well.
Wash and dry the zucchini. Using the small holes of a box grater, finely shred until you have 1 1/2 cups packed (about 200 g). Do not peel or squeeze out the liquid—the natural moisture helps create a fudgy texture.
1 1/2 cups zucchini
In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the granulated sugar, neutral oil, and vanilla extract until the mixture looks creamy and glossy. Stir in the shredded zucchini; the mixture will look loose, which is expected.
1 1/2 cups zucchini, 1 cup granulated sugar, 1/2 cup neutral oil, 2 teaspoons vanilla extract
In a separate bowl, whisk together the flour, cocoa powder, baking soda, salt, and instant espresso powder (if using) until well combined and no streaks of cocoa or flour remain.
1 cup all-purpose flour, 1/2 cup unsweetened cocoa powder, 1 teaspoon baking soda, 1/2 teaspoon fine sea salt, 1/2 teaspoon instant espresso powder
Add the dry ingredients to the zucchini mixture. Fold gently with a spatula until no dry flour remains. The batter may seem thick and slightly dry at first; keep folding for 1–2 minutes so the zucchini can release more moisture, forming a thick, fudgy batter.
Fold in the chocolate chips and chopped nuts (if using), reserving a small handful of chocolate chips to sprinkle on top of the batter if desired.
1/2 cup semi-sweet chocolate chips or chunks, 1/4 cup chopped walnuts or pecans
Scrape the thick batter into the prepared baking pan. Use a spatula to spread it evenly into the corners and smooth the top. Sprinkle any reserved chocolate chips over the surface.
Bake in the preheated oven for 25–32 minutes. Begin checking at 25 minutes. The edges should look set, and a toothpick inserted in the center should come out with moist crumbs but no wet batter (melted chocolate on the toothpick is fine).
Place the pan on a wire rack and let the brownies cool for at least 30–45 minutes. For the cleanest slices, chill the pan in the refrigerator for an additional 30 minutes. Use the parchment overhang to lift the slab out of the pan and cut into 16 squares.
Serve the brownies as they are, dusted with powdered sugar, or slightly warmed with a scoop of vanilla ice cream.