Grease an 8-inch (20 cm) square pan, 9-inch round pan, or 6–8 small ramekins with butter and, if desired, dust lightly with flour. Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C).
Place the finely chopped pitted dates in a heatproof bowl. Pour the boiling water over them and stir in the baking soda. Let sit for 10–15 minutes until the dates are soft and the mixture looks mushy.
1 1/4 cups pitted dates, 1 cup boiling water, 1 teaspoon baking soda
Lightly mash the soaked dates with a fork or potato masher, leaving some small bits for texture. Set aside to cool slightly.
1 1/4 cups pitted dates
In a medium bowl, whisk together the flour, baking powder, fine sea salt, ground cinnamon, and ground nutmeg until well combined.
1 1/4 cups all-purpose flour, 1 teaspoon baking powder, 1/2 teaspoon fine sea salt, 1/2 teaspoon ground cinnamon, 1/4 teaspoon ground nutmeg
In a large mixing bowl, beat the softened butter and brown sugar with a hand or stand mixer until light and fluffy, about 2–3 minutes.
1/2 cup unsalted butter, 3/4 cup light brown sugar
Beat in the eggs one at a time, mixing well after each addition. Add the vanilla extract and molasses or dark treacle and mix again. The mixture may look slightly curdled; this is fine.
2 large eggs, 1 teaspoon vanilla extract, 2 tablespoons molasses or dark treacle
Stir the warm mashed date mixture into the butter mixture. Add the dry ingredients in two additions, alternating with the milk, mixing just until no streaks of flour remain. Do not overmix.
1 1/4 cups pitted dates, 1 1/4 cups all-purpose flour, 2 tablespoons whole milk
Spread the batter evenly into the prepared pan or divide among ramekins. Bake 28–35 minutes for a single pan or 20–25 minutes for ramekins, until the top springs back lightly and a toothpick inserted in the center comes out with moist crumbs but no wet batter.
While the sponge bakes, combine the brown sugar, butter, and heavy cream in a medium saucepan. Cook over medium heat, stirring gently, until the butter melts and the mixture comes to a gentle simmer. Let it bubble softly for 4–6 minutes, stirring occasionally, until slightly thickened. Remove from heat and stir in the vanilla extract and fine sea salt. The sauce will thicken further as it cools.
1 cup brown sugar, 1/2 cup unsalted butter, 1 cup heavy cream, 1/2 teaspoon vanilla extract, 1/4–1/2 teaspoon fine sea salt
When the sponge is done, remove it from the oven and use a skewer or fork to poke holes all over the top. Pour about 1/2 to 2/3 of the warm toffee sauce evenly over the surface, allowing it to soak in. Reserve the remaining sauce for serving.
Return the sauced pudding to the oven and bake for an additional 5–7 minutes to help the toffee sink in and create a sticky, glossy top.
Let the pudding rest for 10 minutes. Cut into squares or unmold the ramekins. Serve warm with vanilla ice cream or lightly sweetened whipped cream and an extra drizzle of hot toffee sauce. Sprinkle with flaky sea salt if desired.
vanilla ice cream, lightly sweetened whipped cream, flaky sea salt