Slice off the bottom root of the Napa cabbage, separate the leaves, rinse well (especially near the base), and dry thoroughly using a salad spinner or clean kitchen towel. Trim and slice into 1-inch strips. In a small bowl, whisk together the soy sauce, rice vinegar, oyster sauce, sesame oil, red pepper flakes or gochugaru (if using), water or broth, cornstarch, and sugar or honey until smooth. Set aside.
1 medium Napa cabbage, 2 tablespoons low-sodium soy sauce, 1 tablespoon rice vinegar, 1 tablespoon oyster sauce, 1 teaspoon toasted sesame oil, 1/4-1/2 teaspoon red pepper flakes or Korean gochugaru, 1/4 cup water or low-sodium vegetable broth, 1 teaspoon cornstarch, 1 teaspoon sugar or honey
Set a large skillet or wok over medium-high heat and add the neutral oil. Heat until the oil shimmers and the pan feels hot when you hold your hand a few inches above it. A hot pan helps keep the cabbage crisp-tender instead of soggy.
2 tablespoons neutral oil
Add the white parts of the scallions, the minced garlic, and ginger to the hot oil. Stir constantly for 30–45 seconds, just until very fragrant and barely golden, being careful not to let the garlic burn.
4 cloves garlic, 1 tablespoon fresh ginger, 3 scallions (green onions)
If using pork or tofu, add it now. For pork: add the thinly sliced or ground pork and stir-fry until browned and cooked through, 3–5 minutes. For tofu: add the cubed tofu and sear 2–3 minutes per side until lightly golden. Transfer cooked protein to a plate and set aside, leaving any browned bits and a little oil in the pan.
8 oz extra-firm tofu, 6-8 oz thinly sliced pork or ground pork
Add the sliced Napa cabbage and the julienned carrot (if using) to the hot pan. It may look like a lot, but it will cook down quickly. Stir-fry for 3–4 minutes, tossing often, until the thick white ribs are just starting to turn tender and the leafy parts are wilting but still slightly crisp.
1 medium Napa cabbage, 1 small carrot
Give the sauce mixture a quick stir to re-distribute the cornstarch, then pour it evenly over the cabbage. Toss well to coat every piece and cook for 1–2 minutes more, until the sauce thickens slightly and clings to the vegetables. If it becomes too thick, add a small splash of water or broth.
2 tablespoons low-sodium soy sauce, 1 tablespoon rice vinegar, 1 tablespoon oyster sauce, 1 teaspoon toasted sesame oil, 1/4-1/2 teaspoon red pepper flakes or Korean gochugaru, 1/4 cup water or low-sodium vegetable broth, 1 teaspoon cornstarch, 1 teaspoon sugar or honey
Return the cooked pork or tofu (if using) to the pan along with the green parts of the scallions. Toss to combine and heat through. Taste and adjust seasoning: add more soy sauce for saltiness, a tiny pinch of sugar for balance, or extra red pepper flakes/gochugaru for more heat. Finish with a few grinds of black pepper.
3 scallions (green onions), freshly ground black pepper, 8 oz extra-firm tofu, 6-8 oz thinly sliced pork or ground pork
Transfer the Napa cabbage stir-fry to a serving bowl or plate. Sprinkle with sesame seeds if desired. Serve hot as a main dish over steamed rice or noodles, or as a side dish alongside grilled chicken, fish, or baked tofu. If adding cooked noodles, toss them in with the cabbage and sauce in the last 1–2 minutes of cooking, adding a splash more soy sauce and water if needed.
sesame seeds, 2 cups cooked noodles