If using fresh corn on the cob, shuck the ears, remove as much silk as possible, and pat dry so they char instead of steam. If using frozen corn, do not thaw; simply break up any clumps with your hands.
5 cups corn kernels
Heat a large cast iron skillet or heavy pan over medium-high heat and add the neutral oil. Once hot and shimmering, add the corn in an even layer and season with 1/2 teaspoon kosher salt and the black pepper. Cook for 7–10 minutes, stirring only occasionally, until you see brown, charred spots on the kernels. For a grill option, brush shucked corn with a little oil and grill over medium-high heat, turning every few minutes, until well charred, then cut the kernels off the cob.
5 cups corn kernels, 1 tablespoon neutral oil, 1/2 teaspoon kosher salt, 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
Transfer the cooked corn to a large mixing bowl and let it cool for about 10–15 minutes. The corn should be warm but not piping hot so it doesn’t melt the dressing. To cool faster, spread it out on a sheet pan.
5 cups corn kernels
In a medium bowl, whisk together the mayonnaise, sour cream or Greek yogurt, lime juice, lime zest, chili powder, smoked paprika, cumin, hot sauce (if using), sugar or honey (if using), and 1/4 teaspoon kosher salt. Taste and adjust, adding more lime for tang, more salt, or additional chili powder for a smokier flavor.
1/3 cup mayonnaise, 1/3 cup sour cream or plain Greek yogurt, 2-3 tablespoons lime juice, 1 teaspoon lime zest, 1 teaspoon chili powder, 1/2 teaspoon smoked paprika, 1/4 teaspoon ground cumin, 1-2 teaspoons hot sauce, 1-2 teaspoons sugar or honey, 1/4-1/2 teaspoon kosher salt
To the bowl with the warm corn, add the red onion, jalapeño, cilantro, and Cotija cheese. Toss gently until evenly combined.
5 cups corn kernels, 1/2 cup Cotija cheese, 1/3 cup red onion, 1-2 jalapeños, 1/2 cup fresh cilantro
Pour about two-thirds of the dressing over the corn mixture and stir until everything is well coated. Taste and add more dressing as needed for a creamier or tangier salad.
Serve the salad warm, at room temperature, or chilled. For best flavor, chill for at least 30 minutes to let the flavors meld; the chili, lime, and corn become more pronounced as it sits.
Before serving, stir the salad, then top with extra Cotija and cilantro. Sprinkle with Tajín or extra chili powder if desired, and serve with lime wedges for squeezing over each portion.
extra Cotija cheese, extra chopped cilantro, lime wedges, Tajín or extra chili powder