Add the butter and olive oil to a large skillet or sauté pan over medium heat. Let the butter melt completely and start to foam slightly, without browning.
4 tablespoons unsalted butter, 1 tablespoon olive oil
Stir in the minced garlic and cook for 30–60 seconds, just until fragrant but not browned. Sprinkle in the Cajun seasoning, smoked paprika, onion powder, and red pepper flakes (if using). Stir constantly for another 30 seconds to bloom the spices.
4 cloves garlic, 1 to 1 1/2 tablespoons Cajun seasoning, 1 teaspoon smoked paprika, 1/2 teaspoon onion powder, 1/4 teaspoon crushed red pepper flakes
Slowly pour in the heavy cream and milk while whisking. Keep the heat at medium and stir well so the spices distribute evenly throughout the liquid.
2 cups heavy cream, 1/2 cup whole milk
Bring the mixture to a gentle simmer with small bubbles around the edges, not a rolling boil. Let it simmer for 5–7 minutes, stirring occasionally, until slightly thickened and it coats the back of a spoon. Reduce the heat if it starts to boil hard.
Reduce the heat to low. Add the freshly grated Parmesan in small handfuls, whisking constantly after each addition until melted and smooth. Continue stirring until the sauce is silky and thickened, about 2–3 minutes.
1 cup Parmesan cheese
Taste the sauce, then add the kosher salt and black pepper as needed, keeping in mind that Parmesan and Cajun seasoning are salty. Stir in the lemon juice to brighten the flavors.
1/4 teaspoon kosher salt, 1/4 teaspoon black pepper, 1 tablespoon lemon juice
If the sauce is too thick, add a splash of milk or pasta cooking water and stir until it reaches your preferred consistency. For a thicker sauce, let it simmer on low for another 1–2 minutes, stirring often.
If using smoked sausage, shrimp, Cajun chicken, or sautéed bell peppers and onions, stir them into the warm sauce and cook for 2–3 minutes, just until heated through and coated.
1 cup smoked sausage, 1 cup cooked shrimp, 1 cup cooked Cajun chicken breast, 1 cup sautéed bell peppers and onions
Add hot, drained pasta to the skillet and toss to coat in the Cajun Alfredo sauce. Serve immediately, topped with chopped fresh parsley and extra Parmesan if desired.
2 tablespoons fresh parsley, 12 ounces pasta